Chapter 9 discussed the importance of stakeholder engagement in policy making. The author presented several benefits and an analysis of five cases in which stakeholder engagement added value to the policy making process. If you were leading a project to develop a comprehensive policy for managing pedestrian traffic flow in a popular downtown metropolitan district, what measures would you take to engage stakeholders in that project? Your answer should outline your suggestions and clearly explain why each one would add value.
To complete this assignment, you must do the following:
A) As indicated above, you will assume the role of project manager of a project to develop a comprehensive policy for managing pedestrian traffic flow in a popular downtown metropolitan district, what measures would you take to engage stakeholders in that project? Your answer should identify the project stakeholders, outline your suggestions and clearly explain why each one would add value.ITS 832 CHAPTER 9
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT: OBSERVATIONS AND
LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
•
Methodology
•
•
Useful engagement tools
Factors that support effective tool use
• Foundations of Stakeholder Engagement
• Cases
• Case comparison
• Discussion
• Conclusion
METHODOLOGY
• Policy making increasingly involves stakeholders
• Not just decision makers
• Technology provides many benefits
• Supports advanced complex modeling
• Allows more stakeholders to participate (engage)
• Stakeholder engagement
• Improves acceptance
• Increases policy quality
• Reduces iterations for re-work
• Two primary questions regarding technology tool use
• What types of engagement tools are useful?
• What factors support effective tool use?
STAGES OF THE POLICY PROCESS
FOUNDATIONS OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
•
Stakeholder engagement enhances
•
•
•
•
Good governance
“Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of an organization’s objectives.”
First phase
•
•
Efficiency in making decisions
Stakeholder
•
•
Accountability
Stakeholder identification and analysis
Stakeholder engagement
•
•
•
•
•
Informing
Consulting
Involving
Collaborating
Empowering
CASES
• E-Government Strategic Planning in Afghanistan
• Renewable Energy Policy for Kosice, Slovakia
• Redesigning the European Union’s Inspection Capability for International
Trade
• Understanding Child Health Outcomes in New Zealand
• Transportation and Urban Planning Indicator Development in the USA
CASE COMPARISON
• Points of comparison
•
•
•
•
•
•
Situation and approach
Types of stakeholders and participation
Methods for stakeholder identification
Methods for stakeholder engagement
Tools and technologies used
Results
SUMMARY
• Stakeholder engagement is worth the effort
• Success starts with care in stakeholder identification
• Engagement helps build consensus
• Tools include
• Technology
• Legacy
• Experience helps to select the right tools for current stakeholders
ITS 832 CHAPTER 10
VALUES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS REVALUED
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
• Technology perceptions
• Technology and public decision making
• Methodology
• Case studies
• Analysis
• Summary and conclusions
TECHNOLOGY PERCEPTIONS
• Debate on underlying assumptions of models
• Are models biased?
• Is technology biased?
• Are model builders biased?
• Are model users biased?
• Technological determinism
• Technology is not neutral of value-free
• Social construction of technology
• Technology is designed with bias, or values
• Technological instrumentalism
•
Technology is neutral and value-free
TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC DECISION MAKING
• Policy making involves complex systems
• Model bias must be understood to evaluate results
• Bias, or value can be categorized
• Values of the data
• Values of the model
• Values of the decision-making process
METHODOLOGY
• Select six case studies
• Carry out secondary analysis of results
• Identify cases with three basic characteristics
• New model designed for case
• Relate to policy issues with the natural or built world
• Highly complex and controversial issues
CASE STUDIES
• Morphological Predictions in the Westerschele (Belgium and the Netherlands)
• Morphological Predictions in the Unterlbe (Germany)
• Flood-Risk Prediction (Germany and the Netherlands)
• Determining the Implementation of Congestion Charging in London (UK)
• Predicting and Containing the Outbreak of Livestock Diseases (Germany)
• Predicting Particular Matter Concentrations (the Netherlands)
ANALYSIS
• Analyzing empirical data resulted in several findings
• Values in data
• Cases 1-4 exhibited higher trustworthiness of data
• Margin of error high in all cases
• Values in the model
• Similar to values in data findings
• Values in the decision-making process
• Clear lines of authority in cases 1, 4, and 5
• Lack of clear authority (cases 2, 3, and 6) leads to conflict
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
• Model effectiveness is impacted by bias
• Values can originate from multiple sources
• Data
• Model design
• Model use
• Outcome validity requires a clear understanding of values put forth by model
use
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