hi first of all please do not answer this question unless you are 100% doing this work originally I’ve had a plagiarism issue before and if you are not writing this paper by your self originally don’t bother. Use credible sources don’t use complex vocabulary ( I’m an international student make it simple but not stupid)You will be writing a position paper ( 2 pages) about the topic (Does broke windows policing work? )You are to back your writing with three academic credible sources i will attach bellow a sample of the position paper and the guidelines of it too.YOU WILL NEED AT LEASE 3 SOURCES FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT, IN THE ARGUMENT SECTION, BUT THE MORE THE BETTER. SOURCES CITED IN OTHER SECTIONS ARE USEFUL BUT NOT COUNTED TWOARDS THE REQUIRED 3. 2 PAGES SINGLE SPACED FOLLOWING THE FORMAT ( ATTACHED BELLOW ) ADDITIONALLY YOU SHOULD HAVE A COVER PAGE FOR REFERENCES IN APA FORMAT, SINGLE SPACED. Again please don’t screw this as it’s my graduation semester and i will get in trouble if it’s plagiarized so please make it your own and use 3 credible sources.attached is one the formating of the paper, two which is a sample of it. please chose your sources wisely and avoid plagiarism make your vocabs easy as i am international student.Position Paper Format
A position paper presents an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal of a position paper is to convince
the audience that your opinion is valid and worth listening to. Ideas that you are considering need to be
carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your paper. It is very
important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is
easy for your audience to understand.
• Your job is to take one side of the argument and persuade your audience that you have well-founded
knowledge of the topic being presented.
• It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims, as well as
• to address the counterclaims to show that you are well informed about both sides.
Issue Criteria: To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the “arguability” of a topic that
interests you. Ask yourself the following questions to ensure that you will be able to present a strong
argument:
• Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty?
• Can you distinctly identify two positions?
• Are you personally interested in advocating one of these positions?
• Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable?
Analyzing an Issue and Developing an Argument
Once your topic is selected, you should do some research on the subject matter. While you may already
have an opinion on your topic and an idea about which side of the argument you want to take, you need
to ensure that your position is well supported. Listing out the pro and con sides of the topic will help you
examine your ability to support your counterclaims, along with a list of supporting evidence for both
sides. Supporting evidence includes the following:
• Factual Knowledge – Information that is verifiable and agreed upon by almost everyone.
• Statistical Inferences – Interpretation and examples of an accumulation of facts.
• Informed Opinion – Opinion developed through research and/or expertise of the claim.
• Personal Testimony – Personal experience related by a knowledgeable party.
Once you have made your pro and con lists, compare the information side by side. Considering your
audience, as well as your own viewpoint, choose the position you will take. In considering the audience,
ask yourself the following questions:
Who is your audience?
o What do they believe?
o Where do they stand on the issue?
o How are their interests involved?
o What evidence is likely to be effective with them?
• In determining your viewpoint, ask yourself the following:
o Is your topic interesting?
o Can you manage the material within the specifications set by the instructor?
o Does your topic assert something specific and propose a plan of action?
o Do you have enough material to support your opinion?
• Organization Your introduction should lead up to a thesis that organizes the rest of your paper. There
are three advantages to leading with the thesis:
o 1. The audience knows where you stand.
o 2. The thesis is located in the two strongest places, first and last.
o 3. It is the most common form of academic argument used.
Below is a generic format for a position paper:
I. Introduction
• ___A. Introduce the topic
• ___B. Provide background on the topic
• ___C. Assert the thesis (your view of the issue)
II. Counter Argument
• ___A. Summarize the counterclaims
• ___B. Provide supporting information for counterclaims
• ___C. Refute the counterclaims
• ___D. Give evidence for argument
III. Your Argument
___A. Assert point #1 of your claims
• _____1. Give your opinion
• _____2. Provide support
___B. Assert point #2 of your claims
• _____1. Give your opinion
• _____2. Provide support
___C. Assert point #3 of your claims
• _____1. Give your opinion
• _____2. Provide support
IV. Conclusion
• ___A. Restate your argument
• ___B. Provide a plan of action
You will need at least three sources for your argument, in the argument section, but the more the
better. Sources cited in other sections are useful, but do not count towards the required 3.
Position papers are to be two pages, single-spaced following the format above. Additionally, you should
have a cover page, and a separate page for references in APA format, single-spaced.
Was O.J. Simpson framed by L.A.P.D. in the double murder of Nicole Brown Simpson
and Ronald Goldman?
Kenneth E Gray Jr
Introduction
On June 13, 1994, Los Angeles Police Department (L.A.P.D.) initiated a
homicide investigation into the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald
Goldman. This investigation developed into media frenzy. The prime suspect,
former NFL football player, broadcaster, and actor, Orenthal James Simpson, also
known as O.J. Simpson, or “The Juice” was arrested, and then tried for these
murders. O.J. Simpson’s team of lawyers (the so-called “Dream Team”) raised
allegations of misrepresentations in search warrants, and mishandled or planted
evidence. These allegations appeared to be more than defense team posturing; it
gave the appearance that O.J. Simpson may have been framed by L.A.P.D.
I believe that O.J. Simpson was framed by L.A.P.D. for the murders of Brown
Simpson and Goldman.
Counterarguments
L.A.P.D.Detectives Tom Lange and Philip Vannater (Lange, Vannater, &
Moldea, (1997)), in their book Evidence Dismissed, the Inside Story of the Police
Investigation of O.J. Simpson, recount their steps on that early June morning. They
arrived at the crime scene at 875 South Bundy Drive, West Los Angeles and relieved
Detectives Phillips and Furhman, and assumed responsibility for the crime scene
investigation. Lieutenant Rogers directed them to notify Nicole Brown Simpson’s ex
husband, O.J. Simpson of her murder. Phillips and Fuhrman accompany Lange and
Vannater to O.J. Simpson’s residence, not because he is a suspect, but for that reason.
The four detectives locate a Ford Bronco parked along the curb near the
entrance to O.J. Simpson’s residence, at 360 Rockingham Ave., West Los Angeles.
Finding the gate to the driveway shut, and getting no answer from the residence,
Detective Fuhrman volunteered to climb over the wall surrounding the residence to
open the gate. After getting the gate opened, the detectives locate a houseguest, Kato
Kaelin, and Arnelle Simpson, daughter of O.J. Simpson. Arnelle Simpson does not
know where her father is, but calls his personal secretary via cellphone and
announces that he flew to Chicago earlier that morning. Detective Fuhrman locates
blood on the door of the Bronco, and also locates a glove by guesthouse, that is
similar to one located at the crime scene. Detectives Vannater and Lange conclude
that O.J. Simpson is a suspect in the investigation. Detective Vannater contacts a
prosecutor known to him for her previous experience in a prosecution involving
DNA, and obtains a search warrant for the residence.
After notifying O.J. Simpson via cellphone, of his ex-wife’s murder, O.J.
Simpson states he would catch the next flight home. Upon his arrival Detectives
Lange and Vannater request he come to their police station for an interview. O.J.
Simpson goes and is interviewed. He makes no admissions at that point, other than
stating that he may have cut himself playing golf. A sample of O.J. Simpson’s blood is
requested, and is carried back to the crime scene to log it into evidence.
Upon processing the crime scene and O.J. Simpson’s residence, a pair of socks
was located in Simpson’s bedroom, that contained blood later identified as Nicole
Brown Simpson’s blood.
Argument
According to Fuhrman (Fuhrman, 1997) during cross-examination, F. Lee
Bailey asked Fuhrman whether he had ever used the “N” word to describe people.
Fuhrman stated “no”. Bailey later produced audiotapes of Fuhrman using the “N”
word. Fuhrman was shown to have lied under oath. By perjuring himself, it called
into question everything Fuhrman had done and said.
Lange, Vannater, and Moldea, (1997) recount that Fuhrman, who had been at
the South Bundy rime scene, had located a key piece of evidence at O.J. Simpson’s
residence. As Fuhrman perjured himself, it called into question every piece of
evidence Fuhrman was associated.
Toobin (1996) advised that Dennis Fung, Crime Scene Investigator for
L.A.P.D. had collected the bloody glove and blood evidence at Rockingham Avenue.
Fung also had the sample of O.J. Simpson’s blood, which had been drawn by police
nurse Thano Peratis, following his interview by Detectives Lange and Vannater.
L.A.P.D. criminalist Collin Yamauchi tested the blood. Yamauchi also had samples of
Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, taken during their autopsies. Yamauchi
found matches for Simpson’s blood at the South Bundy crime scene, and found a
mixture of Simpson, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman on the bloody
glove found at Rockingham Avenue, by Mark Fuhrman.
Toobin (1996) stated that one of the Dream Team attorneys, Mark Shapiro,
had learned that Fuhrman had shot Joseph Britton, who was attempting a robbery.
After being convicted for the robbery, Britton civilly sued Fuhrman, alleging that
Fuhrman had laid a knife at Britton’s feet, after shooting him. Britton claimed that
Fuhrman and his partner had used racial epithets in the course of the arrest. Shapiro
planned to portray Fuhrman as a racist, who had found two gloves at South Bundy,
and had brought one to Rockingham Avenue, in order to frame O.J. Simpson.
Toobin (1996) called Fuhrman and asked him whether he had planted the
glove. Fuhrman characterized the allegation as ridiculous and refused to discuss the
matter further.
Toobin (1996) stated that Shapiro and Johnnie Cochran had noticed that O.J.
Simpson had large hands and believed that the gloves were too small. Cochran and
Rutten (1996) states that Bailey goaded prosecutor Chris Darden to have O.J.
Simpson try on the gloves. O.J. Simpson stunned the jury by displaying that the
gloves were too small.
Conclusion
O.J. Simpson was framed by racist police officer Mark Fuhrman for the double
murder of Nicole Brown Simpson. Fuhrman planted evidence. The mishandling of
O.J. Simpson’s blood, by L.A.P.D. Detective, Vannater, carrying the blood vial back
into the crime scene and giving it to criminalist Dennis Fung, lends itself to planting
blood evidence in the crime scene. The jury made the correct decision, as the State
prosecutors had not proven beyond a reasonable doubt that O.J. Simpson was guilty.
Sources Cited
Cochran, J.L., and Rutten, T. (1996). Journey to Justice. New York, N.Y.: Ballantine
Books.
Fuhrman, M. (1997). Murder in Brentwood. New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books.
Lange, T., Vannatter, P., and Moldea, D.E. (1997) Evidence Dismissed: The Inside Story
of the Police Investigation of O.J. Simpson. New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books.
Toobin, J. (1996). The Run of his Life: The People v. O.J. Simpson. New York, N.Y.:
Random House.
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